Diversity in cities

	Question	Answer	Validation timestamp
1	How has diversity of cultural backgrounds benefited companies?	Research has convincingly demonstrated that diversity of cultural backgrounds and associated differences in skills, education and abilities can be a rich resource for companies and creative teams but also for the social and economic development of societies. [1]
2	What can be done to promote cultural diversity?	The challenge is to conceive and implement public policies and institutions that make it possible to realise the positive potential of diversity. [2]
		Development and testing of the Intercultural integration policy paradigm in Council of Europe and a range of cities across the continent [3]
3	What impacts does public policy have on diversity ?	Public policy is usually a compromise between rational, evidence-based ideas and partisan or concerns linked to elections and public opinion. In the field of diversity policies, the impact of public opinion is particularly strong. [4]
4	What impacts does cultural diversity have on the economy?	Research has consistently demonstrated (Khovanova-Rubicondo and Pinelli, 2012) that diversity of worker’ skills, education and abilities can be a rich resource – for companies and creative teams but also more generally for social and economic development of societies. [5]
		Ashraf and Galor (2011) found that cultural diversity has a positive impact on economic development in the process of industrialization, from its inception through modern times [6]
		Other research shows that enterprises with diverse staff are more innovative, and that diverse teams are better in solving problems if diversity is endorsed and embraced, that productivity and wages are higher in regions and cities with a more diverse population. [7]
		Diaspora entrepreneurship fosters economic development both in host countries and in countries of origin and immigration increases foreign trade. [8]
5	What did the Council of Europe support?	development and testing of an urban policy paradigm for diversity management within the framework of its Intercultural Cities programme [9]
6	How does cultural diversity improve productivity?	The positive potential of diversity is also valid at the level of cities: several studies have related diversity with urban agglomeration and highlighted that the functioning and thriving of urban clusters relies on the variety of people, factors, goods and services within them. [10]
		Ottaviano and Peri (2005, 2006) have found that a more multicultural city environment makes native population more productive. [11]
7	Who found that cultural diversity has a positive impact on economic development?	Ashraf and Galor [12]
8	What values does a leadership require for an intercultural city to emerge in Europe for example?	A leadership must embrace the value of diversity while upholding the values and constitutional principles of European society – equality, justice, and non-discrimination.[13]
9	What is the significance of cultural artefacts?	symbolizing the identity of cultures. [14]
10	How can political leaders confront their voters' fears or prejudices?	Political leaders must address these fears and prejudices openly in the public debate & invest taxpayer money into initiatives & policies that promote cultural integration. [15]
11	What is important for political leaders when addressing issues regarding diversity?	Politcal leaders should have facts such as demographic, economic & financial information in order to provide evidence for cost-benefit ratios & present spending on integration as an investment.  [16]
12	How do symbols play a role in public perceptions about diversity across cities?	Symbols conveying identities between cultures are often targets during violent inter-community conflicts; they send powerful messages about pluralistic city identity by using language through words, symbols & themes amongst other elements used within collective life within communities . [17]
13	How was Campi Bisenzio making efforts toward their intercultural city initiative?	Campi Bisenzio made all minors with foreign citizenship honorary Italian citizens by inviting them at official celebration ceremonies as a symbolic gesture of acceptance towards "intercultural transfusion".  [18]
14	What is 'Puzzled by Policy'?	Puzzled by Policy is an initiative conducted by La Laguna University aiming to encourage citizens to participate in designing migration policies.  [19]
15	What did Tenerife’s authorities launch in January 2012?	Tenerife’s authorities launched civil participation initiative in the culturally diverse neighborhood El Fraile Arona municipality with the aim to incite citizen's involvement ins migrating policy designing .  [20]
16	What impact did this project have on residents from El Fraile neighberhood?	It mobilized 6000 persons, mainly citizens of migratory background, who decided upon a range of initiatives dealing with healthcare and education housing and legal assistance matters. [21]
17	How did this project attempt to spur more participation among people of migratory background?	Alternative methods were employed like participatory direct involvements to compensate for deficiency in representation in institutions of representative democracy. [22]
18	What was the outcome of the El fraile project?	The El Fraile neighborhood managed to mobilize 6000 persons mainly citizens of migrant background who decided upon a range of initiatives dealing with ethnic, healthcare, and education housing and legal assistance matters. [23]
19	What values does effective leadership need to uphold in order for an intercultural city emerge?	Effective leadership must embrace the value of diversity while upholding the values and constitutional principles of European society – equality, justice, non-discrimination. [24]
20	How can key leaders defend the value of diversity for their local community?	Key leaders should have facts - demographic, economic, financial - in order to be able to provide evidence for the cost-benefit ratio for the city and present the spending on integration as an investment. [25]
21	What is symbolic politics of diversity?	Symbolic politics of diversity uses words, strong gestures and actions such as speaking at official city celebrations or symbolically decorating a school with letters from alphabets spoken in that particular city to convey a powerful message about plurality of identity.  [26]
		Symbolic politics of diversity refers to how language, symbols, themes and other collective elements are used to shape public opinions about cultural variety. This includes choosing particular dates or artifacts related to diverse identities so show acceptance towards them. [27]
22	In what ways can authorities encourage citizens/residents participation regardless of origin/background?	Authorities can use alternative more participatory methods such as launching civil participation initiatives or designing migration policies which encourage citizen involvement directly instead of relying solely on institutions of representative democracy. [28]
23	How has Campi Bisenzio shown acceptance towards foreign residents or people with migrant background?	Campi Bisenzio has made all minors who have foreign citizenship honorary Italian citizens by inviting them to speak at official events and ceremony demonstrating openness towards “intercultural transfusion”. [29]
24	What values underpin European society?	The principles of European society are equality, justice, and non-discrimination. [30]
25	What is an example of a symbolic gesture that conveys acceptance and openness to "intercultural transfusion"?	Decorating a school with the pillar of a Mosque from Pakistan and letters from the alphabets of all languages spoken in the city (Oslo) is an example of a symbolic gesture that conveys acceptance and openness to "intercultural transfusion". [31]
26	Can public perceptions be shaped by language, symbols, themes, dates, etc.?	Language, symbols, themes, dates and other elements such as collective life in communities can shape public perception about diversity. [32]
27	What initiatives has Campi Bisenzio undertaken for its foreign citizens?	Campi Bisenzio has made all minors residents in the town who have foreign citizenship honorary Italian citizens. [33]
28	How can people of migrant background participate in local political debate?	People or migrant background can take part in local political debates by using alternative methods such as participatory direct methods or involvement. [34]
29	What initiative was launched by Tenerife’s authorities to incite citizen participation in designing migration policies?	Tenerife's authorities launched a civil participation initiative called Juntos en la misma dirección (Together In The Same Direction) in cooperation with La Laguna University's Puzzled By Policy initiative to incite citizens to participate in designing migration policies. [35]
30	What takes courage on behalf of government leaders when it comes to intercultural integration?	Government leaders must confront voters with their fears and prejudice around intercultural integration which takes courage whilst also investing taxpayer money into initiatives that promote it. [36]
31	What kind message does destroying cultural artefacts convey about inter-community conflicts?	Destroying cultural artefacts symbolizing identity often first during violent inter community conflicts sends out powerful messages about plurality within cities identities . [37]
32	What does it take to confront fears and prejudice in the public debate?	It takes a great amount of political courage to openly address the fears and prejudices that exist within the public debate without judgment or bias. [38]
33	How do key leaders demonstrate their support for diversity in their local community?	Key leaders can demonstrate their support for diversity by making strong statements publicly in favour of cultural variety, investing taxpayer money into initiatives that promote intercultural integration, using non-stigmatising language when discussing migrants, inviting foreigners to participate officially in city celebrations, or symbolically decorating schools with elements that represent different cultures. [39]
34	How did Campi Bisenzio signal a will for integration during an official city ceremony?	During an official city ceremony in Campi Bisenzio all minors who had foreign citizenships were made honorary Italian citizens by invitation – two young children were chosen specifically (one two months old Albanian origin baby; one nine month old Sri Lankan origin baby) as a powerful gesture showing a real intention towards integration.  [40]
35	What steps have been taken in order to encourage civil participation amongst those living within culturally diverse neighbourhoods?	In Tenerife’s El Fraile neighbourhood (which has a high population density from countries such as Colombia, Ecuador ,Morocco &Cameroon) steps have been taken through projects like ‘Juntos en la misma direcciòn' & 'Puzzled by Policy' which are designed both incite & encourage residents to become involved with policy creation regarding migration issues . [41]
36	What values does the intercultural city need leadership to uphold?	The intercultural city needs leadership which upholds the values and constitutional principles of European society such as equality, justice, and non-discrimination. [42]
37	How can political leaders address public fears and prejudice in regards to diversity?	Political leaders should confront voters with their fears and prejudices openly in the public debate by investing taxpayer money into initiatives that promote intercultural integration. [43]
38	How can cities symbolically show acceptance of diversity?	Cities can symbolically show acceptance of diversity by inviting foreign residents or people from migrant backgrounds to speak at official celebrations, decorating schools with cultural artefacts from different backgrounds, inviting migrants to join local cultural activities such as carnivals, using non-stigmatising language when speaking about migration issues, etc. [44]
39	What did Campi Bisenzo do related to immigration policy?	Campi Bisenzo made all minors who had foreign citizenship honorary Italian citizens in order to send out a strong message about plurality within their city identity. [45]
40	What initiative did Tenerife launch regarding civil participation in diverse neighbourhoods?	Tenerife launched a civil participation initiative in El Fraile neighbourhood together with La Laguna University's Puzzled by Policy project aiming at inciting citizens to participate in designing migration policies. [46]
41	In what ways does diversity benefit societies, according to research?	Research has consistently demonstrated that diversity of worker’ skills, education and abilities can be a rich resource – for companies and creative teams but also more generally for social and economic development of societies. Ashraf and Galor (2011) found that cultural diversity has a positive impact on economic development in the process of industrialization, from its inception through modern times. Other research shows that enterprises with diverse staff are more innovative, and that diverse teams are better in solving problems if diversity is endorsed and embraced, that productivity and wages are higher in regions and cities with a more diverse population. Diaspora entrepreneurship fosters economic development both in host countries and in countries of origin and immigration increases foreign trade. [47]
42	What challenges do public authorities face when it comes to managing diversity effectively?	Public authorities face the challenge to design comprehensive strategies with a long-term perspective which deliver sustainable benefits despite possible changes in the political landscape. The Council of Europe supports an urban policy paradigm for Diversity Management within its Intercultural Cities Program which considers migrants as resources instead of threats or vulnerable groups; this includes approaches at different fields such as intercultural governance, discourse/ media , services & administration etc . Growind diversiy is most tangible city level where strategies can be tested for effective management & handling conflicts & maintaining cohesiveness. [48]
43	What impact does public opinion have on diversity policies?	Public opinion has a particularly strong influence on the development of diversity policies. [49]
44	How does cultural diversity affect economic development?	Research suggests that cultural diversity can have a positive impact on economic development, from its inception through modern times. [50]
45	In what ways do diverse teams benefit problem-solving abilities?	Diverse teams are better able to solve problems if their diversity is embraced and valued. [51]
46	How does immigration affect foreign trade?	Immigration increases foreign trade by introducing new goods and services into different markets. [52]
47	What kind of strategies should public authorities employ to maximize the benefits of diverse populations while minimizing potential threats?	Public authorities should implement comprehensive strategies with a long-term perspective in order to facilitate sustainable benefits while managing potential risks associated with various forms of social differences among citizens. This includes engaging non-governmental actors, developing a "social pedagogy" around issues related to multiculturalism, and putting in place governance structures which support equitable representation for every group within society. [53]
48	What standards are used for urban policy paradigms for private sector management related to intercultural integration paradigm?	Tools available under this model include an Intercultural cities INDEX along with analytical and assessment tools being developed specifically geared towards helping cities develop their own strategies surrounding how they manage cultural diversity as well as create dialogue about this topic. [54]
49	What kinds of tools are available under this model?	Tools available under this model include an Intercultural cities INDEX along with analytical and assessment tools being developed specifically geared towards helping cities develop their own strategies surrounding how they manage cultural diversity as well as create dialogue about this topic. [55]
50	How successful has the Index been so far?	The Index has been very successful so far, having already been implemented in over 60 cities across Europe alongside other countries such Japan , Korea , Mexico Canada and USA. [56]
51	What type of reorientation needs to be done at an urban level when considering intercultural integration ?	At an urban level there must be strategic reorientation encouraging adequate representation positivity/interaction between cultures mixed backgrounds institutional capacity dealing effectively w/ any conflicts based upon difference or disagreement occurring amongst citizens. [57]
52	Where can we find more information regarding such policies?	More information concerning these types of policies can be found through investigating. [58]
53	What is the name of the initiative developed in El Fraile?	The initiative was named “El Fraile para todos” (El Fraile for all). [59]
54	Who supported this project?	The local school, church and mosque, associations of neighbours, mayors, immigrants and public bodies such as the Arona Municipal Council, Department of External Affairs and Immigration Observatory of Tenerife supported this project. [60]
55	What are some goals included in this project?	Some goals that were included in this project were improving the image of the neighbourhood; strengthening partnerships between neighbours; encouraging neighbours to participate in cleaning up the area; strengthening social bonds within neighbourhoods; creating a friendly environment and promoting accessibility by removing language barriers. [61]
56	How did they plan to achieve their goals?	To achieve these goals they created five working groups focusing on different thematic areas such as environment communication and relations, translation linguistic exchange mediation intergroup cooperation. Each group designed an action plan featuring specific goals.
57	What is Campi Bisenzio's Forum for New Citizens?	Campi Bisenzio's Forum for New Citizens is a participatory body which gives a say to migrants in social & political spheres in absence of right to vote local elections as recommended by Council Europe Convention participation foreigners political life at local level. [62]
58	What is El Fraile para Todos?	El Fraile para Todos is an initiative supported by local school, church and mosque, associations of neighbours and public bodies such as the Arona Municipal Council, Department of External Affairs and Immigration Observatory of Tenerife whose goal is to re-consider its human and cultural diversity as a resource rather than as a problem. [63]
59	Which best practices has the Council of Europe's Intercultural Cities network observed?	The Council of Europe's Intercultural Cities network have observed best practices such as ensuring representation and active involvement in local decision making, promoting cohesion and unity through solidarity actions, 'placing the person in focus', education to social inclusion including language learning), fighting racism, raising awareness on issues of migration and cultural diversity. [64]
60	Why was Campi Bisenzio’s Forum for New Citizens organised?	Campi Bisenzio created their Forum for New Citizens in order to give migrants a say in the social & political spheres since they are not eligible to vote locally. It also acts as an educational laboratory engaging schools & symbolic areas along with creating media channels that raise awarenees about intercultural dialogues& combating racism/xenophobia/discrimination. [65]
61	What did participants do at first meeting for El Fraile Para Todos?	At the first meeting participants mapped out their neighbourhood & existing social actors dealing with integration matters while sharing aspirations &concerns regarding living together there along with potential development resources.  [66]
62	What kind activities does El Fraille para Todos offer?	Activities offered by El Fraille para Todos includes but not limited too improving its image ,strengthening partnerships between neighbours &social actors encouraging them participate cleaning up area ,strengthening bonds within neighbourhood ,creating friendly environment promotion accessibility removing language barriers etc. [67]
63	What initiatives were supported by local institutions in El Fraile?	The initiative in El Fraile was supported by the local school, church and mosque, associations of neighbours, mayors, immigrants and public bodies such as the Arona Municipal Council, Department of External Affairs and Immigration Observatory of Tenerife. [68]
64	What are some goals that were set for El Fraile Para Todos?	Some goals set for El Fraile para todos include improving the image of the neighbourhood; strengthening partnerships between neighbours and actors; encouraging neighbours to participate in cleaning up; strengthening social bonds within neighbourhood; creating a friendly/participatory environment; promoting accessibility by removing language barriers. [69]
65	How is Campi Bisenzio demonstrating best practices observed by Intercultural Cities Network?	Campi Bisenzio is demonstrating best practice examples observed by Intercultural Cities Network through its Forum for New Citizens organising elections with candidates from 9 countries providing resources to associations of non-Italian citizens acting as an educational laboratory having events held in symbolic areas raising awareness about benefits of cultural pluralism giving out annual prizes promoting intercultural dialogue combating racism xenophobia & discrimination. [70]
66	What was the aim of the Lewisham Council's project in 2011?	The aim of the Lewisham Council's project in 2011 was to increase awareness of local people, discover hidden talents, create a sense of connection and belonging, and create collaborations between unlikely groups. [71]
67	How can young people from outside Lewisham borough vote for Young Mayor?	Young people from outside Lewisham borough who wish to vote for Young Mayor can do so by post. [72]
68	Who supervises the election count and administration for Young Mayor candidates?	The election count and administration for Young Mayor candidates is supervised by the Council's Electoral Services. [73]
69	How many signatures does a candidate need in order to stand as a candidate in the Lewisham Election?	A candidate needs to collect 50 young people’s signatures supporting their candidature in order to stand as a candidate in the Lewisham Election. [74]
70	What type of system is used when voting on potential nominees?	When voting on potential nominees, preferential ballot system is used with voters casting two votes for their first and second choice candidates.[75]
71	What was one example project that was conducted by London Borough of Lewisham prior to its acceptance into ICC network?	One example project that was conducted by London Borough of Lewisha prior it its acceptance into ICC network was mapping social networks within particular localities such as New Cross Gate which produced some enlightening findings about locals' social connections within diverse community.[76]
72	How much budget does each successful elected young mayor receive when he/she start his mandate?	Each successful elected young mayor receives £30,000 per annum budget when he/she starts his mandate.[77]
73	Does gender balance play role while electing someone as new young mayor?	Yes , gender balance plays an important role while electing someone as new young mayor since all four nominated candidates should be equal representation between boys & girls. [78]
74	What types of training are provided given to those nominating themselves at run upto elections?	Those nominating themselves at run up-to elections are provided with training by former mayors & advisors along with learning public speaking tactics , campaign techiniques & producing promo material such as pamphlet , tshirts etc. [79]
75	What initiative did the London Lewisham Council launch in 2010?	The London Lewisham Council launched a participatory budgeting initiative in 2010, asking people how they would like to distribute the forthcoming public expenditure cuts. [80]
76	What was the aim of the project associated with Theodore Zeldin's 'An Intimate History of Humanity' in 2011?	The aim of this associated project was to increase awareness of the richness and diversity of local people, to discover hidden talents, create a greater sense of connection and belonging and create collaborations between people who wouldn’t normally meet. [81]
77	How is voting taking place for Young Mayor Initiative elections annually?	Voting takes place at around 40 different sites in Lewisham at polling stations, such as secondary schools and colleges. Young people can vote by post if attending school outside of the borough. Voting is carried out using a preferential ballot system where voters cast two votes for their first and second choice candidates. [82]
78	Who provides training to young candidates putting themselves forward as Young Mayor candidates?	Training is provided to these candidates by both members from local administration or previous young mayors/advisors .Roles and responsibilities are defined along with support given for producing manifestos into an election statement form. [83]
79	What does Campi Bisenzio provide inspiration for other cities about?	A pluri-cultural society decisions initiatives that was launched in Campa Bisenzio may provide inspiration for other cities wanting similarly structured programs around creating decision making opportunities regarding pluri-cultural societies throughout various communities. [84]
80	What is the Young Mayor Initiative's aim in Lewisham?	The goal of the Young Mayor Initiative in Lewisham is to increase awareness of the richness and diversity of local people, to discover hidden talents, create a greater sense of connection and belonging, and create collaborations between people who wouldn’t normally meet. [85]
81	Who initiated the Young Mayor Project in Lewisham?	The Young Mayor Project was initiated by author Theodore Zeldin, author of ‘An Intimate History of Humanity’, with association from the National Portrait Gallery and National Health Service. [86]
82	Where did they use as guinea pig for their social network mapping project?	They used New Cross Gate as a guinea pig for their social networking mapping project. [87]
83	How do young mayors get elected in Lewisham?	In Lewisham young mayors are elected by direct ballot every year through preferential ballots where voters cast two votes - one for first choice candidate and another vote for second choice candidate. [88]
84	What criteria must candidates meet to stand for mayor in Lewisham?	To stand as a mayor candidate needs to be between 13–17 years old on election day , live work or go school or college within Lewismham area .Additionally must collect 50 young supporter signatures .  [89]
85	What kind of training are provided for mayoral candidates?	Candidates are provided training portions with former young mayors & adviser on campaigning techniques , speaking publicly producing videos messages & manifesto statement . Also photograph taken for promotional materials like t-shirts flyers etc. [90]
86	How much budget does each elected Lewisham young allocated?	Each Lewisham young mayor have £30k per annual budget & cabinet advisor team spending power onto initiate projects & monitor works from sir Steeve Bulloch council members. [91]
87	Does Comedia Intercultural City research project involves London boroughs such as Lewisham?	Yes Comedia Intercultural City research has been collaborating with London Boroughs including Lewisham since 2005-2007 conducting studies cases on interculturality initiatives. [92]
88	Does the gender balance skew towards males when voting for young mayor takes place at polling stations?	Unfortunately yes many more male participant taking part during elections comparing young females voter turnout. [93]
89	Is there any age restrictions when voting about choosing new youth mayor/advisor?	Yes anyone under 18 will not be allowed participating into voting process when choosing new youth mayoral advisor. [94]
90	How have young mayors and advisors developed their understanding?	Young mayors and advisors have developed their understanding by travelling extensively around Britain and the rest of Europe. [95]
91	What is unique about Lewisham in terms of young people's involvement in democracy?	Lewisham is unique in its serious commitment to involving young people in the democratic process. [96]
92	Why does Lewisham have a Faith and Social Action Officer?	Lewisham has a Faith and Social Action Officer due to the large numbers of residents who declare belonging to a religion, as well as the rapidly growing number of faith groups (over 200). [97]
93	How can faith-based organisations receive financial aid from Lewisham Council?	Faith-based organisations can receive financial aid through small grants offered by Lewisham Council with a specific budget allocated for this purpose. [98]
94	Are ethnic divisions responsible for many problems that exist in Lewisham?	No, most of the district’s problems are not attributable to ethnic divisions. [99]
95	What is one way that Lewisham Council communicates effectively with its residents?	One way that Lewisham Council communicates effectively with its residents is through contact made via their membership of faith groups without engaging directly with worship or proselytising. [100]
96	What kind of environment exists for young people living in Lewisham in terms of safety ?	While at times it can be quite threatening for young people, overall it is seen as a reasonably safe environment for them.  [101]
97	Is there any particular role played by faith groups within Lewisham ?	Yes, the Council believes that faith groups play a vital social role within the community .  [102]
98	How do European cities compare to Lewisham's provision of small grants for faith-based organisations?	Most other European cities do not offer similar provisions like small grants specifically set aside for faith based organisations like what Lewisahm Council provides.  [103]
99	Does managing interfaith relations help promote communication between residents and Lewisham Council?	Managing interfaith relations helps promote communication between council members and diverse religious communities so they understand each other more effectively which ultimately results in better relationships being formed between councilors and local citizens. [104]
100	What evidence exists that young mayors and advisors in Lewisham demonstrate a high level of self-confidence and understanding?	The fact that they have travelled extensively around Britain and the rest of Europe has enabled them to gain an appreciation for all that has been achieved in Lewisham. Additionally, they have observed how much more diverse Lewisham is than many other places which further enhances their confidence. [105]
101	How do residents belonging to a religion affect the management of inter-faith relations within Lewisham?	The large numbers of residents who declare belonging to a religion and the rapidly growing number of faith groups (over 200) necessitates active management by the Council to avoid potential problems arising from them coexisting. Furthermore, these same faith groups are being looked at as having a valuable social role to play which can be facilitated through communication with members from those groups. [106]
102	How does living in Lewisham sometimes pose as threatening or uncomfortable for young people?	While living in Lewisham poses unique benefits such as taking part in democratic processes seriously, it can sometimes become quite intimidating or disconcerting particularly for younger individuals. As such, there remain several issues within the district that may make it less comfortable than desired at times but fortunately none are attributed specifically to ethnic divisions between its citizens. [107]
103	How do young mayors and advisors demonstrate self-confidence?	Young mayors and advisors demonstrate a high level of self-confidence and understanding through their travels around Britain and Europe. [108]
104	What distinguishes Lewisham from other places?	Lewisham is distinguished from other places by its commitment to involving young people in the democratic process as well as its diversity, which it is very comfortable with. [109]
105	What does the Lewisham Council have that is rare across European cities?	The Lewisham Council has a specialized Faith and Social Action Officer and a specific budget to offer small grants to faith-based organizations, which are rare across European cities. [110]
106	Why would having large numbers of residents who declare belonging to a religion be beneficial for the council?	Having large numbers of residents who declare belonging to a religion can be beneficial for the council because it allows them an effective way of communicating with many of their residents through their membership of faith groups without directly engaging in worship or proselytizing. [111]
107	How does the Lewisham Council manage Interfaith relations?	The Lewisham Council manages Interfaith relations by offering small grants specifically for faith-based organizations, actively managing coexistence between such a range of organised faiths communities, and recognising that these faith groups have vital social roles they can play. [112]
108	What is the role of a Faith Officer?	The role of a Faith Officer is to establish relationships and build trust, both with the Council and between different denominations. [113]
109	What are some shared values that encourage dialogues in faith settings?	Shared values that encourage dialogues in faith settings include supporting the elderly, young people or promoting cohesion. [114]
110	How can businesses benefit from a diverse workforce?	Businesses can benefit from a diverse workforce by increasing productivity and creativity, fostering innovation, and accommodating customers’ needs. [115]
111	In which city has programmes been put in place to increase intercultural developments in business?	Copenhagen has put in place a range of programmes to encourage intercultural developments in business. [116]
112	What programme does the City of Copenhagen have for private companies?	The City of Copenhagen has Engage CPH which is their diversity programme for private enterprises , associations and citizens . [117]
113	How could embracing diversity help improve quality of life?	Embracing diversity could help improve quality of life by creating an environment for greater understanding across cultural backgrounds, creating equal opportunities allowing everyone access resources needed like education & employment , as well as actively encouraging inclusion within society . [118]
114	What specific initiatives does Engage CPH provide?	Engage CPH provides various initiatives such as providing advice on how small businesses manage intra-cultural communication & collaboration while also helping them develop effective strategies when dealing with different cultures. It also helps private enterprises create policies around recruitment & selection processes which consider background knowledge plays an important part when selecting candidates into management positions. [119]
115	What kind of economic growth can be achieved through utilizing programs such as Engage CPH?	Utilizing programs such as Engage CPH enables cities to achieve economic growth through increased foreign investments brought by international workers who understand local market structures; increased profits earned due to innovative problem solving methods brought about by interacting with different culture mindsets; as well improved job satisfaction among employees due to cross-cultural awareness training being conducted . [120]
116	How would diversifying management positions contribute towards businesses benefitting from having a diverse workforce?	Diversifying management positions contributes towards businesses benefiting from having a diverse workforce because it allows organizations to effectively manage teams composed of individuals coming from various cultural backgrounds who each bring unique perspectives on how problems should be solved along with creative solutions leading up too better overall performance within organisations .  [121]
117	How has the role of the Faith Officer been established?	The role of the Faith Officer has been established through creating relationships, building trust, and encouraging dialogue around shared values with both the council as well as between different denominations within faiths themselves. [122]
118	What type of dialogues are encouraged by faith officers?	The dialogues that are encouraged by faith officers revolve around shared values and positive solutions for social issues such as supporting elderly or young people or promoting cohesion (Lewisham Intercultural Profile 2011). [123]
119	Where does research show businesses benefit from a diverse workforce?	Research consistently demonstrates that businesses benefit most from a diverse workforce when they actively seek out access to manage a diverse set of employees. [124]
120	Why does Copenhagen focus on intercultural developments in business?	Copenhagen chooses to focus on intercultural developments in business because it wishes to transform its city’s diversity into economic growth initiatives. [125]
121	What is Engage in CPH and what goals does it have?	Engage in CPH is a programme created by the City of Copenhagen, which seeks collaboration with private enterprises associations, citizens, etc., aiming at transforming the city’s diversity into economic growth & quality of life. [126]
122	What impact can diversity have on economic growth and quality of life?	Diversity can have an overall positive effect transformations such increase productivity through fresh perspectives leading to better problem solving capabilities & more importantly deeper profitability for companies. [127]
123	How do different denominations address their own internal conflicts?	Different denominations usually deal with potential internal conflicts using effective communication practices coupled with joint conflict resolution attempts. [128]
124	What specific programs are used to promote intercultural development in business within Copenhagen?	Some examples of programmes implemented include initiatives focused on skills training centered around managing cultural differences & corporate workshops designed specially tailored towards equality-based human resources. [129]
125	In which ways do cities actively engage with businesses to encourage diversifying their employees and management positions?	Cities often use approaches like developing partnerships among HR entites & linking them up directly wth private corporations. [130]
126	How do faith officers build trust between members of different faiths and denominations?	Faith Officers build trust between practitioners be encouraging open communication coupled exploring common themes amongst religions such as compassion understanding mutual acceptance. [131]
127	What role does a Faith Officer have?	The role of a Faith Officer has been to establish relationships and build trust, both with the Council and between different denominations. Interdenominational conflict within a single faith can be just as challenging as between the different faiths, and from this basis of trust dialogues are encouraged around shared values and positive solutions to social issues. [132]
128	How is Copenhagen encouraging businesses to develop intercultural relations?	Copenhagen has implemented a range of programmes to encourage intercultural developments in business called Engage in CPH. This programme aims to collaborate with private enterprises, associations and citizens to transform the city’s diversity into economic growth and quality of life. [133]
129	What type of social issues does establishing relationships through faith typically address?	Establishing relationships through faith typically addresses social issues such as supporting the elderly, young people or promoting cohesion.  [134]
130	How do cities benefit from having diverse workforces?	Research consistently demonstrates that businesses are those who benefit most from having diverse workforces; however cities also gain increased insight into the potential for cultural innovation, greater efficiency in production processes which result from innovative ideas derived from unique perspectives on their problems etc. [135]
131	What strategies did Lewisham put in place previously regarding interculturalism?	In 2011 ,Lewisham implemented an Intercultural Profile seeking resources available across London boroughs that enable staff, residents & visitors alike understand each other better & promote sensitive service provision including language support, capacity building & developing stronger links among community networks. [136]